Basic Coding Concepts

---

💡 Introduction

Before creating programs or apps, you need to understand the building blocks of code.
These are the basic concepts that every programming language — Python, Java, C++, or others — is built upon.

In this post, you’ll learn about:

• Variables
• Data types
• Input and output
• Operators

---

🧱 1. Variables

A variable is a container used to store data.
It has a name and a value, and the value can change during program execution.

💬 Think of it like a labeled box where you store something.

Example (Python):

name = "Alex"
age = 20

Here:

• name is a variable storing text
• age is a variable storing a number

You can later change their values:

age = 21

---

🔢 2. Data Types

Data types define what kind of data a variable can store.

Data Type	Description	Example
Integer (int)	Whole numbers	10, -5
Float (float)	Decimal numbers	3.14, 2.0
String (str)	Text or characters	"Hello", 'EduTech'
Boolean (bool)	True or False	True, False

💡 Each language has its own syntax, but the concept is the same.

Example (Java):

int age = 18;
double price = 12.5;
String name = "Alex";
boolean isStudent = true;

---

⌨️ 3. Input and Output

To make programs interactive, we use:

• Input — get data from the user
• Output — show results to the user

Example (Python):

name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello, " + name)

💡 The program waits for you to type your name, then greets you using that input.

Example (C++):

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    string name;
    cout << "Enter your name: ";
    cin >> name;
    cout << "Hello, " << name;
}

---

➕ 4. Operators

Operators are symbols that perform operations on variables or values.
They can be arithmetic, comparison, or logical.

🔹 Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example
+	Addition	5 + 2 = 7
-	Subtraction	10 - 3 = 7
*	Multiplication	4 * 2 = 8
/	Division	9 / 3 = 3
%	Modulus (remainder)	10 % 3 = 1

🔹 Comparison Operators

Used to compare two values (results in True/False).

Operator	Example	Result
==	5 == 5	True
!=	4 != 5	True
>	7 > 3	True
<	2 < 1	False

🔹 Logical Operators

Used to combine conditions.

Operator	Meaning	Example
and	True if both are true	x > 5 and x < 10
or	True if one is true	x > 5 or x < 2
not	Reverses True/False	not(x > 5)

---

🧠 Summary

Concept	Description
Variable	Stores a value that can change
Data Type	Defines what type of data a variable holds
Input/Output	Communicates with the user
Operators	Perform calculations or comparisons